COVID-19 and the heart: An update for clinicians

Publicado: 2025-07-17

   Ahmed Goha

Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Heart Institute of the Caribbean and HIC Heart Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-5883

   Kenechukwu Mezue

Heart Institute of the Caribbean and HIC Heart Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica. Department of Hospital Medicine, Altru Health System, Grand Forks, North Dakota
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-7410

   Paul Edwards

Heart Institute of the Caribbean and HIC Heart Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica

   Felix Nunura

Heart Institute of the Caribbean and HIC Heart Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica

   Dainia Baugh

Heart Institute of the Caribbean and HIC Heart Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica

   Ernest Madu

Heart Institute of the Caribbean and HIC Heart Hospital, Kingston, Jamaica
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-2816

Resumen

SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted cardiovascular healthcare. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The virus may affect the heart directly and indirectly with clinical syndromes of acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Some therapeutics under investigation for COVID-19 may also have adverse cardiac effects. The involvement of the RAAS system in viral entry makes it pertinent to consider the effects of medications that modulate the system. Comprehensive knowledge of peculiar cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of RAAS in the prognosis of COVID-19 disease is needed for optimal patient management.

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